<img src="https://www.esa.int/var/esa/storage/images/esa_multimedia/images/2026/03/counting_craters_in_mars_s_ancient_highlands/27138237-1-eng-GB/Counting_craters_in_Mars_s_ancient_highlands_card_full.jpg" alt="Counting craters in Mars’s ancient highlands">
<p>Craters, craters, and yet more craters: this snapshot from <a href="https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Mars_Express">ESA’s Mars Express</a> is packed full of them, each as fascinating as the last.</p>
Craters, craters, and yet more craters: this snapshot from ESA’s Mars Express is packed full of them, each as fascinating as the last.
Impact cratering is a geological process that occurs when a high-velocity object, such as an asteroid or comet, collides with a planetary surface, creating a crater. This process provides valuable information about the history and age of planetary bodies, as the density and size of craters can indicate the surface's geological activity over time.
Planetary geology is the study of the geology of celestial bodies, including planets, moons, asteroids, and comets. It involves understanding the processes that shape these bodies, such as volcanic activity, erosion, and sedimentation, and how they relate to the history of the solar system.